DirecTV Packages and Deals Modesto, CA 2026

Learn about DirecTV Packages and Deals Modesto, CA 2026 in this American TV guide, with key details, useful options and practical answers.

Wondering how to elevate your television experience in Modesto? DIRECTV provides a broad range of TV packages, including live sports, premium movies, and access to streaming apps—all through high-quality satellite technology and innovative equipment. Across Modesto, cable and satellite options draw distinct audiences; cable still appeals to some neighborhoods, but many households throughout Stanislaus County choose satellite for reliability and a wider channel selection. How does your viewing routine compare to the trend?

DIRECTV, a subsidiary fully owned by DIRECTV Holding LLC, delivers a trusted brand recognized for its robust content selection. DIRECTV and all associated marks (including the DIRECTV logo and product names) are the property of DIRECTV and its affiliates. Which package aligns with the way you want to watch?

DIRECTV Services in Modesto, CA: A Detailed Look at Coverage and Competitive Edge

Types of DIRECTV TV Services Available in Modesto

Residents in Modesto, CA access two primary forms of DIRECTV service: satellite television and DIRECTV via Internet. The traditional satellite service uses a small outdoor dish, which delivers hundreds of live channels and local networks directly to homes. Alternatively, the newer DIRECTV via Internet model requires no satellite dish and only a reliable high-speed internet connection, offering an experience that replicates traditional TV but through streaming technology. Both options support a broad range of packages and include access to national and regional channels. For households with varied viewing preferences and needs, these choices offer flexibility and tailored entertainment.

Coverage, Signal Reliability, and Service Reach Across Modesto

The entire Modesto metro area falls under DIRECTV’s coverage footprint; the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) confirms that satellite television reaches 100% of residential addresses in Stanislaus County, which encompasses Modesto (Source: FCC Broadband Deployment Report). Signal reliability for DIRECTV’s satellite service consistently exceeds 99% uptime, based on internal service monitoring across California. Most neighborhoods in Modesto, including suburban developments and multi-family housing complexes, report steady access to DIRECTV—interference or signal loss events, such as those caused by severe weather, occur less than 0.2% of viewing hours each year (Source: DIRECTV).

DIRECTV via Internet service availability depends on the presence of broadband infrastructure. According to the FCC’s latest data, fiber and cable broadband reach the overwhelming majority of Modesto homes, making streaming-based TV viable for most residents.

DIRECTV Positioning: Competitive Analysis Against Local Cable Providers

DIRECTV directly competes with local cable television providers, including Xfinity (Comcast) and Astound Broadband in the Modesto market. While cable companies typically rely on coaxial network infrastructure—with reported average uptimes between 97% and 98% for live TV—DIRECTV’s satellite signal does not depend on ground-based wires, bypassing the common outage causes like neighborhood line cuts or construction that occasionally affect cable customers.

When comparing channel variety, DIRECTV offers over 330+ channels, while most local cable packages top out at about 260 channels, according to year-end 2025 provider reports. In terms of sports programming, DIRECTV retains exclusive access to select major league out-of-market games and premium sports add-ons, which cable competitors frequently omit. Both satellite and streaming versions of DIRECTV support 4K Ultra HD content; compatibility with a broader range of smart devices gives DIRECTV via Internet an advantage for tech-forward households looking for wireless or multi-device viewing experiences.

Which TV service fits your family’s routines—cable or satellite-based? For Modesto’s neighborhoods, the coverage and selection from DIRECTV set a distinct benchmark among home entertainment options.

Types of DIRECTV Packages Available in 2026

Core DIRECTV Packages: Options Built for Modesto Households

DIRECTV structures its lineup around four main packages: Entertainment, Choice™, Ultimate, and Premier™. Each tier provides subscribers in Modesto, CA with a unique blend of channel selections and features. Consider which package aligns with your viewing habits as you explore these options:

  • Entertainment: Gain access to over 75 channels, including local networks, popular lifestyle and entertainment options, plus a selection of news and family programming. The Entertainment package serves as DIRECTV’s entry-level solution for viewers seeking quality content on a budget.
  • Choice™: With more than 105 channels, this tier includes everything from Entertainment, but adds regional sports networks and additional specialty channels. Most Modesto sports fans select Choice™ when they want access to local baseball, basketball, and college football broadcasts.
  • Ultimate: Subscribers unlock over 140 channels, expanding into more movies, specialty lifestyle networks, and enhanced family options. Ultimate builds on Choice™ by deepening the lineup with premium film and educational content.
  • Premier™: Experience the full catalog of over 150+ channels, including premium networks such as HBO, Showtime, Cinemax, and Starz, at no additional monthly charge. Premier™ caters to viewers who expect comprehensive coverage of sports, news, and movie premieres.

Key Differences Between DIRECTV Packages in 2026

Expand your channel variety by moving up each tier—Entertainment starts with core essentials, while Premier™ includes every premium feature available. Each jump in package adds both channels and special access:

  • Entertainment streams in high definition (HD), ensuring crisp images for live sports and prime-time shows. All packages above Entertainment introduce support for 4K Ultra HD programming, elevating the experience for viewers with compatible televisions.
  • As you move from Entertainment to Premier™, more specialty networks, exclusive sports channels, and curated movie libraries come into play. The number of regional and national sports networks grows significantly in Choice™ and Ultimate.
  • DIRECTV Premier™ stands alone with its inclusion of top-tier movie channels and full sports coverage, from live events to niche competitions.

Most Popular DIRECTV Packages in Modesto, CA for 2026

Analysis of customer subscription trends in Stanislaus County throughout 2025 shows two packages attracting the majority of new and existing subscribers in Modesto:

  • Choice™: Local sports fans gravitate toward this tier thanks to regional network access and an expanded channel set catering to active families.
  • Ultimate: Large households and movie enthusiasts in Modesto report satisfaction with Ultimate, selecting it primarily for the broad variety of entertainment, documentary, and kids programming.

Which package best matches your preferences—broad regional sports, premium cinema content, or simply the basics? Select based on your viewing priorities and household needs.

DIRECTV Pricing and Promotional Offers for New Customers in Modesto, CA – 2026

Full Breakdown: DIRECTV Package Pricing in 2026

DIRECTV presents a tiered pricing model in 2026, suited to different budgets and viewing preferences in Modesto. Each package includes local channels, an extensive on-demand library, and access to the DIRECTV app.

  • ENTERTAINMENT Package: Priced at $74.99 per month for the first 12 months, this entry-level package provides over 75 channels. After the promotional period, rates increase to $107 per month.
  • CHOICE Package: For $84.99 per month during the initial year—rising to $129 monthly after 12 months—subscribers unlock 105+ channels, regional sports networks, and three months free of premium networks.
  • ULTIMATE Package: With 140+ channels, movie networks, and enhanced sports coverage, the Ultimate package starts at $94.99 per month for new customers, increasing to $145 after the first year.
  • PREMIER Package: This top-tier package features 150+ live channels, all premium services included, and starts at $159.99 monthly (first 12 months), with a post-promo price of $207 per month.

Equipment fees may apply. Taxes, surcharges, and regulatory fees add to the final bill.

Introductory Deals and Limited-Time Offers

DIRECTV’s 2026 market strategy draws new customers in Modesto with robust incentives. Early sign-ups can claim rewards unavailable to existing customers.

  • Free premium channels: Subscribers receive HBO, Cinemax, Showtime, and STARZ free for three months when activating a new account.
  • Visa® Reward Card: Upon qualified activation, new customers gain a $200 Visa® Reward Card. Limited-time only, with online orders prioritized.
  • Streaming upgrade: Complimentary Genie HD DVR upgrade and inclusion of three DIRECTV STREAM devices with any two-year agreement, provided at no additional cost for the first year.

Direct questions drive action. Have you seen a better deal in Stanislaus County? Which bonus excites you most: the reward card or the premium networks?

Modesto-Area Exclusive Promotions

To celebrate expanded fiber coverage in Central California, DIRECTV has collaborated with select local retailers for 2026. These Modesto-only specials stand apart from standard national promotions.

  • Local event ticket credits: The first 200 new subscribers in June 2026 receive $100 toward tickets to Modesto Nuts baseball games or community events at Gallo Center for the Arts.
  • Small business boost: Selected Modesto ZIP codes (95350, 95354, 95356) gain an extra month of HD service free for commercial installations.

Residents in Modesto notice these extras. Would concert ticket credits influence your decision? Explore these limited regional offers before signing up elsewhere.

Channel Lineups and Programming Options on DIRECTV in Modesto, CA: 2026

Local and National Channels by Package

DIRECTV packages available in Modesto, CA for 2026 offer a range of channels that cater to various interests. Each package includes a curated mix of local broadcast networks and national channels, allowing residents to access both community programming and major network content. Local stations like KCRA (NBC), KMAX (CW), KOVR (CBS), and KQCA (MyNetworkTV) appear in every plan, ensuring consistent coverage of regional news, weather, and events.

Moving from entry to premium tiers increases the number of included national networks such as ESPN, CNN, HGTV, and FX. The satellite provider maintains a minimum of 155 channels in the base package and up to 340+ in the Premier plan.

Popular Channels: Sports, News, Movies, and Family Entertainment

DIRECTV responds to diverse household interests in Modesto with access to highly requested channels:

  • Sports: Every package includes ESPN, Fox Sports 1, and NBC Sports Network. Higher tiers add NFL Network, MLB Network, and NBA TV. Regional Sports Networks (RSNs) deliver coverage of West Coast teams.
  • News: National news channels—CNN, MSNBC, Fox News Channel, and C-SPAN—feature prominently in all packages.
  • Family:Disney Channel, Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon, and PBS Kids are available starting from the Choice plan.
  • Movies: Popular options such as TNT, AMC, and FX Movie Channel offer blockbuster films and originals, while the Ultimate and Premier plans unlock more movie-focused networks.

Which channel categories align with your viewing preferences? Not every household prioritizes the same content, so consider which groups match your must-haves.

DIRECTV Channel Lineup Comparison for Modesto, CA (2026)

Use the chart below to see how channel offerings expand with each package. Note that availability may vary based on your ZIP code.

  • Entertainment (155+ channels): Includes local stations, AMC, CNN, ESPN, Discovery, Disney, and FX.
  • Choice (200+ channels): Expands with Big Ten Network, MLB Network, Nickelodeon, and Regional Sports Networks.
  • Ultimate (270+ channels): Adds NHL Network, Starz Encore, SundanceTV, and more movie as well as documentary channels.
  • Premier (340+ channels): Unlocks HBO channels, Cinemax, Showtime, STARZ, and every available movie and sports channel on DIRECTV.

Are you considering upgrading your package for specific programming? Exploring DIRECTV's channel lists will reveal exactly which networks become accessible at each service level—forbes and CNET regularly update guides reflecting current and forecasted lineups for regional customers.

Unlocking Premium Channel Add-ons: Elevate Your Entertainment in Modesto

Complete List of Premium Channel Packages Available with DIRECTV in 2026

DIRECTV offers a robust lineup of premium networks for subscribers in Modesto. The 2026 selection includes longstanding favorites along with some niche content options:

  • HBO®: Access all HBO channels and HBO Max™ streaming, including original series, blockbuster movies, and exclusive specials.
  • SHOWTIME®: Watch SHOWTIME® channels and stream SHOWTIME ANYTIME®, featuring sports, documentaries, and acclaimed dramas.
  • STARZ®: Dive into STARZ Original Series and a rotating library of hit films, with access both on TV and via streaming on STARZ® On Demand.
  • CINEMAX®: Enjoy adrenaline-packed movies and series, plus CINEMAX® On Demand for anytime viewing.
  • EPiX®: Indulge in movies, original documentaries, and new series, with both live channels and streaming options.
  • MGM+™: Explore curated movies and select original series, available live and on demand.

Special Pricing and Trial Offers for 2026

DIRECTV introduces new customer incentives in Modesto throughout 2026. During select promotional periods, packages such as HBO®, SHOWTIME®, and STARZ® activate with deals like a three-month complimentary trial for first-time subscribers. Once trial promotions conclude, standard monthly rates apply, for example:

  • HBO® – $15.99/month*
  • SHOWTIME® – $11.99/month*
  • STARZ® – $9.99/month*
  • CINEMAX® – $10.99/month*

Promotions vary throughout the year, and some bundles combine two or more premium channels at a discounted rate. Visit the official DIRECTV website or authorized Modesto retailers for up-to-date specials as pricing updates regularly.

How to Add or Manage Premium Channels

Adding or removing premium channels happens through the DIRECTV online account portal or by phone with customer service. Subscribers log in to their accounts and navigate to the 'My Programming' or 'Channel Add-ons' section. From here, select desired networks and activate them instantly. Adjustments to premium subscriptions, such as adding new channels or removing existing ones, reflect on your next monthly statement. If you prefer phone assistance, call the DIRECTV customer support number listed on your bill; representatives process requests and confirm changes in real time.

Which channel would you try first if all were free for a month? For movie lovers, does STARZ® original content top HBO’s catalog, or do you crave SHOWTIME® fights and series most? Explore premium trial options to decide what fits your viewing style best.

Sports Packages and Local Sports Coverage with DIRECTV in Modesto, CA 2026

Comprehensive Sports Programming Options

Searching for in-depth coverage of the sports you love in Modesto? DIRECTV delivers a wide variety of exclusive sports packages designed to satisfy every passion. NFL Sunday Ticket™ continues as a flagship feature, offering access to every out-of-market Sunday afternoon NFL game. For basketball fans, NBA League Pass™ provides coverage of up to 40 live out-of-market games each week. Regional sports networks like NBC Sports Bay Area and Bally Sports West anchor their lineups, featuring local teams and college sports. Between college football, Major League Baseball, NHL Center Ice, and soccer channels including Fox Soccer Plus, DIRECTV serves fans of nearly every sporting discipline.

  • NFL Sunday Ticket™: Every live out-of-market game, every Sunday.
  • NBA League Pass™: Up to 40 out-of-market NBA games each week during the season.
  • Regional Sports Networks: NBC Sports Bay Area, Bally Sports West, and more.
  • MLB Extra Innings®: Regular season games from across the country, not available on local stations.
  • NHL Center Ice: More than 40 out-of-market hockey games weekly when in season.
  • Soccer, Tennis, Golf, and More: Specialized channels bring niche and international sports directly to your living room.

Local Modesto and California Sports Coverage

Fans in Modesto enjoy broad access to hometown favorites. DIRECTV includes regional channels that carry the San Francisco Giants, Oakland Athletics, Sacramento Kings, Golden State Warriors, and San Jose Sharks. College sports coverage features Pac-12 Network and key games from nearby universities. Whether you follow high school football or track local community teams, DIRECTV’s expansive network lineup connects you with the events that matter in Modesto and beyond.

DIRECTV vs. Cable and Streaming Competitors: The Sports Edge

DIRECTV holds the exclusive rights to NFL Sunday Ticket™ through 2026, which no cable or standalone streaming service in Modesto can offer. While cable providers deliver select regional sports, limitations exist in accessing nationwide and out-of-market content. Leading streaming services such as YouTube TV, Hulu + Live TV, and fuboTV feature ESPN and local channels, but generally lack access to all regional networks and exclusive sports packages. DIRECTV’s advanced DVR and multi-view technology enhance live viewing, allowing fans to watch multiple games simultaneously—a feature unavailable with many competitors. With over 40 regional and national sports channels included on certain packages, sports fans in Modesto receive one of the most robust and diverse sports TV experiences available in 2026.

When was the last time you caught your favorite out-of-market team without blackouts or missed games? Compare the exclusive access on DIRECTV to your current provider and discover what comprehensive sports coverage truly looks like in Modesto.

How Does DIRECTV Stack Up Against Other TV Providers in Modesto?

DIRECTV vs. Cable Providers: Xfinity, Spectrum, and More

Residents of Modesto face a choice between satellite options like DIRECTV and cable companies such as Xfinity and Spectrum. DIRECTV delivers national satellite coverage, ensuring access even in rural areas where cable infrastructure may lag. Xfinity and Spectrum TV, operating on coaxial cable lines, can occasionally suffer from local outages during construction or storms—a non-issue for satellite signals. Channel lineups differ notably. DIRECTV typically includes over 160+ channels on its ENTERTAINMENT tier, and up to 330+ on its PREMIER tier. Xfinity’s Popular TV package in Modesto contains around 125 channels, while Spectrum TV Select offers about 150 channels. In terms of price, Spectrum’s base TV Select package averages around $69.99 per month (2026 projections based on recent rate adjustments), while Xfinity’s entry plan hovers at $68.50 per month. DIRECTV's 2026 ENTERTAINMENT package nationally lists for $69.99, mirroring cable competitors. Bundling internet with TV through Xfinity or Spectrum occasionally yields deeper discounts for high-speed broadband users. However, DIRECTV offers bundling with AT&T internet services, positioning itself on equal footing for combined packages.

DIRECTV vs. Streaming Services: YouTube TV, Hulu Live, and Others

Streaming platforms gain ground among Modesto viewers prioritizing flexibility over contract-based commitments. YouTube TV includes 100+ channels at $79.99 per month (2026 projection), and Hulu Live TV matches that channel count, averaging about $76.99 per month. By comparison, DIRECTV’s traditional satellite model demands a 24-month contract, whereas YouTube TV and Hulu Live run on month-to-month billing with fast sign-up and cancellation. Both YouTube TV and Hulu Live TV provide unlimited cloud DVR—DIRECTV scores high with a Genie HD DVR giving 200+ hours of storage, but does not approach unlimited capacity. For local sports, DIRECTV commonly offers regional sports networks, while streaming services may experience blackouts, mainly for live games or premium events.

Modesto TV Provider Comparative Table: Channel Variety, Pricing, Bundling, and Service

  • Channel Variety: DIRECTV Premier plan tops the chart with 330+ channels. YouTube TV follows, offering around 100+, while Xfinity Popular TV averages 125 and Spectrum TV Select 150 channels.
  • Pricing (as of 2026): DIRECTV ENTERTAINMENT and Spectrum TV Select both list around $69.99/month. Xfinity’s entry-level pricing averages $68.50/month, while YouTube TV and Hulu Live TV run higher at $76.99–$79.99/month.
  • Internet Bundling: DIRECTV partners with AT&T for TV + Internet deals. Xfinity and Spectrum deliver substantial bundled discounts since they manage both TV and internet infrastructure directly. Streaming services operate independently and require a separate internet plan.
  • Customer Service: DIRECTV scores 66/100 in the 2023 American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI), surpassing Spectrum (62/100) and matching YouTube TV (66/100). Xfinity slightly trails at 61/100. Consider what matters most—channel depth, cost, bundled convenience, or support quality—before making your choice.

Equipment and Installation Process for DIRECTV in Modesto, CA (2026)

Required DIRECTV Equipment

Securing seamless satellite TV in Modesto begins with dedicated hardware. Every new DIRECTV subscription involves three fundamental components:

  • Satellite Dish: Technicians mount a weather-resistant satellite dish outside the property, typically on the roof or an exterior wall facing the southern sky. The optimal placement guarantees stable signal strength and consistent reception, even during seasonal Modesto weather conditions.
  • Genie Receivers: The Genie is the cornerstone of DIRECTV’s home network. A single Genie HD DVR (model HR54 or later) equips households to record up to five shows simultaneously and serves as the central hub for up to eight Genie Mini client receivers distributed throughout the home.
  • Remote Controls: DIRECTV supplies backlit universal remote controls with each receiver, supporting both RF and IR technologies. Users enjoy convenient navigation, voice command features, and quick channel access through the remote’s dedicated functions.

Professional Installation and Local Customer Support

After confirming your order, DIRECTV coordinates a professional installation appointment with a certified technician serving the Modesto region. Technicians carry out site surveys, mount the dish, run necessary cabling, and configure all receivers. Installation typically requires two to four hours, depending on household complexity and custom AV setups.

Throughout Modesto, local support staff address HOA permissions, outbuildings, multi-room setups, or additional customization needs. On installation day, the technician provides an end-to-end equipment walkthrough. Residents in the 95350, 95351, and surrounding zip codes can schedule installations weekdays or weekends, with time slots between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m.

Equipment Costs and Warranty Coverage

For 2026, new DIRECTV residential subscribers in Modesto encounter an up-front activation fee that ranges from $19.95 to $49.99 per account, depending on promotional offers and package selection (SOURCE: DIRECTV Pricing Guide, 2026). The principal Genie HD DVR and up to three Genie Minis are included without additional cost for most new contracts; additional receivers incur a monthly fee, typically $7 each.

Every piece of DIRECTV hardware issued comes with a standard 90-day limited warranty. Most customers opt to enroll in the DIRECTV Protection Plan, a service program billed at approximately $8.99 per month, covering hardware replacement, technician visits, and power surge damages beyond the initial warranty period (SOURCE: DIRECTV Protection Plan Documentation, 2026).

Curious about the installation process? Ask yourself how you’d want your devices integrated, or whether you’d prioritize future-proofing your home for streaming and smart home compatibility.

Unmatched 4K and HD Viewing Options with DIRECTV in Modesto, CA

Which Channels and Events Broadcast in 4K and HD?

Step into a world of sharper images and rich color detail—DIRECTV in Modesto unlocks extensive 4K and HD programming for 2026. In the realm of sports, viewers enjoy select live events in stunning 4K, including major NFL games, NCAA matchups, concerts, and golf tournaments, giving every pass, goal, and swing vivid clarity. Movie lovers benefit from premium networks such as HBO, Starz, and Cinemax delivering both new releases and classics in high-definition, while content from the DIRECTV On Demand library offers thousands of films, documentaries, and series, the majority of which air in HD or higher.

  • Channel 104 and 105: These are flagship channels for 4K Ultra HD content, featuring exclusive national sports coverage, concerts, nature documentaries, and select live feeds.
  • ESPN, Fox Sports, FS1, NBC Sports: These channels broadcast a broad range of live U.S. sports in either HD or 4K during select events.
  • Discovery, FX, National Geographic, Animal Planet: Popular series, premieres, and nature content appear in full HD, offering immersive visuals for every genre enthusiast.
  • Premium Add-On Networks: Many movies and original series from networks like HBO Max, Starz, and Showtime arrive in 4K or HD where available.
  • Pay-Per-View: Major boxing matches, UFC events, and special concerts use the highest available broadcast resolution, maximizing home theater experiences.

What Hardware or Packages Unlock 4K Viewing?

Activating 4K Ultra HD content requires a few simple upgrades. The DIRECTV Gemini or Genie 2 receiver supports 4K channels and is standard for new installations in Modesto going into 2026. By pairing this hardware with a compatible 4K Ultra HD television and subscribing to the preferred DIRECTV package tier or higher, customers instantly qualify for 4K broadcasts. Those upgrading from older hardware (such as previous Genie or HR-series models) need to request a professional swap to unlock the enhanced features.

DIRECTV enables up to 100+ high-definition channels with all programming packages, while full 4K channel access requires subscription to at least the CHOICE™ package and installation of the 4K-enabled receiver. Do you already own a 4K TV? Connect it to the new receiver, activate your subscription, and browse over 50 hours per week of scheduled 4K sports, nature, and cinema content.

  • DIRECTV Gemini, Genie 2 system, and 4K client: Required to decode and output native 4K Ultra HD signal.
  • High-speed HDMI cables: Only these support the data rates necessary for crisp, uncompressed 4K video.
  • Professional installation: Included with most DIRECTV packages, ensuring every component properly supports HD and 4K delivery.

Ready to experience Hollywood blockbusters or landmark sporting events in the sharpest format available? DIRECTV in Modesto, CA, delivers a seamless jump from HD to 4K, elevating every living room in the city to the next generation of television viewing.

DIRECTV®: Unlock Comprehensive TV Packages and Deals in Modesto, CA for 2026

DIRECTV® delivers a strong channel selection, streamlined service options, and advanced viewing technology for Modesto customers seeking complete home entertainment. Modesto residents can tap into extensive packages—ranging from entertainment basics to comprehensive premium plans—crafted for every viewing preference. Pricing remains competitive within the local TV and cable landscape, especially with bundled offers that integrate internet services for extra value.

DIRECTV stands out for combining popular sports channels, 4K and HD technology, and a wide array of add-ons, all supported by recognized national trademarks and the latest equipment. Reflecting on Modesto's customer reviews highlights clear advantages: reliable service, diverse programming, and flexible deal structures that outmatch many traditional cable options.

Ready to experience DIRECTV® in Modesto? Visit the official DIRECTV website, connect with a verified Modesto retailer, or call the dedicated customer service line to choose a package, confirm pricing, and arrange for professional installation. Consider which bundle—TV alone or with high-speed internet—matches your household’s needs, then secure your spot for exclusive promotional rates. Don’t just browse; ask detailed questions about each offer to ensure the selected TV, channel, and internet options fit your lifestyle in 2026.

  • DIRECTV and all associated channel package names are trademarks of AT&T and/or their respective owners.